What is Georgia’s political system and how does it work?

The political structure of Georgia, this republic at the interface between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, is fascinating and worthy of study. This country, which has had a republican parliamentary system since its last reform in 2013, practices a separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial powers within the framework of a representative democracy. This article analyzes the mechanisms that govern power in Georgia and describes the prominent role of parliament – the Supreme Council – in government oversight and law-making. At the same time, we decipher the prerogatives and sphere of influence of the Georgian president, whose head of state has played an essentially ceremonial role since the constitutional revision. To understand the problems that characterize its internal dynamics and its interaction with the international scene, it is important to understand the functioning of the Georgian political system.

Historical overview of the Georgian political system

Learn everything you need to know about the political system, how it works, and its role in society.
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Georgia, a country on the border between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, has had a complex and heterogeneous political journey marked by foreign influences, periods of sovereignty, and democratic reform movements. Its history reflects a constant search for independence and political stability.

Soviet influence and independence

During the 20th century, after a period of rule by the Russian Empire, Georgia was incorporated into it Soviet Union. This era is characterized by the establishment of a socialist political system focused on absolute power. communist party. Domestic and foreign policy is strictly controlled by Moscow, relegating Georgia’s national aspirations to the background.

The collapse of the USSR paved the way for Georgia’s independence in 1991. The country then introduced a political system pluralisticThis marks an important turning point in its national constitution and its political orientations.

Transition to democracy

After independence, Georgia entered a transition period during which reforms were implemented aimed at creating a genuine democratic framework. The acceptance of the 1995 Constitution It is an important milestone: the formation of a republican government, accompanied by a Presidentialism strong. The president then has significant executive powers, raising concerns about the balance of power.

Constitutional developments

Over the years, several constitutional amendments aim to balance and distribute power between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. This dynamic reflects the desire to reduce the risks of concentration of power and establish a true separation of powers. In 2012, a comprehensive reform led to a reduction of presidential powers in favor of the president. parliament AND Prime Minister, transforming the system into a parliamentary republic.

Within this reformed system is the Parliament of Georgia, elected by universal suffrage, plays a central role in the legislative process and in the control of the executive. Political diversity is represented there by a large number of political parties, although the political landscape is still characterized by a certain degree of polarization.

Contemporary times and current challenges

Today, Georgia continues to navigate between its desire to deepen democratic reforms and geopolitical challenges. The pressure for greater integration with European structures, such asEuropean Union and so?NATO, goes hand in hand with the need to manage tensions in the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Maintaining a viable democratic system in Georgia requires constant vigilance in the face of challenges corruption, of Freedom of the press, and respect for Human rights. The continued commitment to reform and the pursuit of an independent judiciary are crucial to the country’s future political stability.

This historical trajectory describes a constantly evolving political system and illustrates the complexity of post-communism and efforts to establish democratic governance in a difficult geopolitical context. Georgia remains a fascinating example of political resilience and desire for democratic change.

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